Comparison of the C2A domain of synaptotagmin-I and annexin-V as probes for detecting cell death.

Abstract:: The induction of apoptosis is frequently accompanied by the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the cell surface, which has been detected using radionuclide and fluorescently labeled derivatives of the PS-binding protein, Annexin V. The fluorescently labeled protein has been used extensively in vitro as a diagnostic reagent for detecting cell death, and radionuclide-labeled derivatives have undergone clinical trials for detecting tumor cell death in vivo following treatment. We show here that the C2A domain of Synaptotagmin-I, which had been fluorescently labeled at a single cysteine residue introduced by site-directed mutagenesis, detected the same levels of cell death as a similarly labeled Annexin-V derivative, in drug-treated murine lymphoma and human breast cancer cell lines in vitro. However, the C2A derivative showed significantly less binding to viable cells and, as a consequence, up to 4-fold more specific binding to apoptotic and necrotic cells when compared with Annexin-V. C2A offers a potential route for the development of a new generation of more specific imaging probes for the detection of tumor cell death in the clinic.

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